1 10 48 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/a3507f9df3a77803eda3cfd7530c4b55.pdf 89009473c19c6d26c83e61e5dbeaf65d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Trade Subject The topic of the resource International Trade Description An account of the resource International Trade of cochineal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document [Page title: Palestine and the Whole Ottoman Empire.] [In margin: Clocks and Watches much esteem'd of-] ALL ſorts of Clocks and Watches made in Britain, are in Turkey vendible gods and Commodities, with many other valuable Merchandices frequently exported into the Grand Signior's Country, and affording very large and easy Profit. [In margin: Goods imported by the Turkey Merchants.} The British Merchants in return for these, import vast quantities of Grograms, Camlets, Tissues, Velvets, and raw Silk in great abundance; fine Rhubarb, Opium, Aloes, Balm of Gilead, Caffa, Coffee, and a thousand other Drugs of noted Efficacy in Medicinal Operations. Fine Cochineal, Cum-Maſtick, Terra Sigiliata, Indico and Cotton; rich Sherbets, Cavear, and Carpets of a noble Size, and wrought beyond Compariſon; Embroider'd Muslins, Silks, and Handkerchiefs, or curious Workmanship in Gold on Leather, with a number more of such like Manufactures, profitably pleasant to industrious Traders, are imported with an unknown Gain, from several Harbours of the Sultan's Empire. [In margin: Shagreen, how made, and whence imported.} Another sort of Merchandice imported thence, is Leather of all sorts, prepar'd and unprepar'd, besides which the Country yields great quantities of Seals-Skins, Goats-Skins, and the Wild Ass's-Hide, whereof they make the best Shagreen in use amongst us. Pistaches, Almonds, Dates, dried Quinces, Marmalade, and Fruits of all sorts, are by Foreign Merchants, bought at very low and reasonable Prices, whence, transported to the several Ports of Christian Countries, they are sold to great advantage. [In margin: The Hollanders Conveniences, in trading with the Turks.] Next to the British Factory, the Hollanders maintain the greatest Trade with Turkey, dealing for the same Commodities; but sending Ships much larger and at half the Charges, they (for the most part ) make the best Returns, and speedieſt Voyages. [In margin: The ungenerous Policy of France in respect to Turkey. The French as well as those laſt nam'd, maintain Embassadours at Constantinople; but with this difference, that the first design thereby no other Interest than their Factories Prosperity, whereas the last have other ends directly contrary; and by preserving a perpetual Amity between their Monarch and the Sultan, endeavour still at every favourable Opportunity, to stirr that People up to War against such Nations as are Enemies to France; by such unchristian Practices imagining to gain some sure Advantage, by the great Diversion which the Turk must make, invading Christendom. [In margin: The Jews the only Brokers for the Turkish Merchants.] I have before inform'd my Reader, that the Jews are Brokers to the Turkish Merchants, and indeed on them lies all the management of publick [Traffick?]; People fram’d by Nature with a Conscience and Capacity, alike endued to cheat the Universe; they grow by these means soon extreamly Great and Wealthy, but the Turkish Ministers have learn’d a Lesson, how to squeeze a Grape when ripe and juicy, to the best advantage. [In margin: Domestic trade, how carry'd on.] The utmost of their Foreign Trade is now express'd, I next proceed to speak of their Domestic Traffick, which is partly carried on by Coasting Vessels sailing cautiously at little distance from the Shore, and partly by the Caravans or Land Conveniencies, which are constantly in motion, export the Manufactures of one Part of their Dominions to another. Their Navigation, as I have before declar'd, is mean and far inſerior to the Christian's Skill, and therefore they are backward in the hazarding Commodities by Sea, unless in Trade with Islands, or a Country they may reach. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Full Account of the Ottoman Empire Subject The topic of the resource International Trade Description An account of the resource An excerpt from a book concerning the international trade of the cochineal. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hill, Arron. A full and just account of the present state of the Ottoman Empire in all its branches: with the government [...], (Londo, 1709), 87. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Public Domain, https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=TRdRAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-TRdRAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1709 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/a958dcaf9c74b4db4fe78021422872da.pdf e9e93b1a68fd638a66f1719daabcc4ab Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Trade Subject The topic of the resource International Trade Description An account of the resource International Trade of cochineal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document A large and general Assortment of Drugs and Medicines, just imported from London, and to be sold by, Amos Throop, In Providence; where his usual Customers and others may be supplied by Wholesale and Retail. - As his Articles were principally paid for at the Time of their being shipped, he has it in his Power and Disposition to sell as cheap as can be purchased in America. Among his Assortment are the following Articles: Genuine Hooper's, Anderson's and Lockyer's Pills; Balsam of Life, Essence of Peppermint, British Oil, Bateman's Drops, Stoughton's and Daffy's Elixir. At the same place may be had, ground Madder, ground Redwood, Argol, Cochineal, [Amatto?], Oil of Vitriol, blue Vitriol, and Cream of Tartar; also a few dozens of Leaf Gold, white and red Lead, Verdegrease and Vermillion. Likewise may be had at the same place, the best of sweet Oil for [sifh?], also a few Cases of Castor Oil of the best Quality to be sold very cheap. Also Cases of Surgeons Pocket Instruments, Syringes, Lancets, &c. &c. Saltpetre by the hundred or less Quantity. Also Spices, Raises, and many other good Things, too many to be enumerated in a common advertisement, as is commonly said, after enough has been already said to tire the Patience of Job. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A large and general Assortment of Drugs and Medicines Subject The topic of the resource International Trade Description An account of the resource Advertisement published in an American newspaper describing the international trade of the Cochineal. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Connecticut Gazette (New London, Connecticut) XXIV, no. 1250, pg. 4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Readex: America's Historical Newspapers. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/apps/readex/doc?p=EANX&docref=image/v2:1036CCAC76876960@EANX-1062BB234BC1E17C@2374047-1062BB23996ABD47@3-1062BB24293D1117@. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 26, 1787 Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Advertisement https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/dbf9337aa31cf4971aa5d41f42fd7a6c.jpg 8a6b0962af2075c39563373a1726eb62 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A plantation of cochineal cacti. Subject The topic of the resource Plantation Description An account of the resource Image of a plantation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived A plantation of cochineal cacti (Nopalea cochenillifera) with workers gathering and preparing cochineal. Engraving. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Credit: Wellcome Collection. CC BY https://wellcomecollection.org/works/q26yjrny Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Undated Type The nature or genre of the resource Image https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/c7cc2f23e4da35138663c529ee6245c9.jpg 1a710d611624fc0e9412772daa8ab397 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/4cd4d5a6be58e169d9e3a982b5f7e10f.jpg 7bb98ab81a15b8cb0e4b8f7471fb4d2b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Plantations Subject The topic of the resource Plantations of the Cochineal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document To Sir Joseph Banks Baronet President of the Royal Society. Dear Sir, An opportunity offering of a dispatch for Europe by the way of Bengal, I enclose a compleat Copy of the communication I have made here to all Persons I judged likely to promote the culture of Cochineal in this country, and although those who have gardens found many of their Guava trees covered with Coccus infects, which the perusal of the letters had led them to observe, yet candour obliges me to acquaint you, not a vestige of them is now discernable even under ground. The devaluation made by the Ants, and boisterous South Easterly winds, are the most ostensible causes of their destruction; and it is likewise probable the parching land-wind and heat of the season has diminished die succulency of the plants, so much as to deprive the infects of nourishment. I Have no doubt however, although hidden from my researchers, some have escaped safe, and will multiply and come in review after the approaching wet season. To obviate the ill effects of the winds, I expect to get plantations made in more sheltered situations among the great range of hills at Vellore Sautgurry and Amboor. The [Chloeoon?] has suffered nearly the same fate, as very few of them are to be found; the grass to which they attach being greatly parched with the drought. I have however the pleasure to observe the experiment I mentioned, April 26th has succeeded, and the back of the leaves of the [Menispcrmum cordifoiium?] are many of them covered with Coccus insects of a deep red colour. I am with esteem. Dear Sir, Your very Obedient Servant, James Anderson Fort St. George, July 18th 1787 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Seventh Letter Subject The topic of the resource Plantations Description An account of the resource A letter describing the failure of some crops and the plantations due to weather. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Anderson, James. A Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth Letter to Sir Joseph Banks [...] (Madras: C. Ford, 1787): 1-2. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/b28765539 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 18, 1787. Type The nature or genre of the resource Letter https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/d0dc3a52394bf6052a4cdc7e55bdf676.jpg 8567c5a0be09f0bb50979e8e562dfc92 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/8280c90c0b9d39a5588e28d39dd2eae3.jpg 1443e850b619b71239149a91ba70baac https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/96f63a1b7d3781c8f66bf8befd5d1aef.jpg dc89c79a56efb75745557233748b369f https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/25865808a9de496aceb10213a0dd4d2a.jpg b1c9ec8fd4990f87f3b28b03a810b5d3 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/59ca1f251b0c539c78b42762cef97f5e.jpg a6a8cc169d6ded57f8b0076fc3a9602b https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/c267757dd1e14613e60b90047637d972.jpg 47934e295e9964ebcf00e79ace5a6773 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/6cadc0d717768422fdc81b460c7f9fa4.jpg 6dcfde86e4987b5a36ce14e1774f1cac https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/93d8ba9b69df47e19103160cd9f071cc.jpg c253b41fd81c21729ab7316258573714 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/bc060fb9f5cf2c2f9f9550453b3fc64d.jpg 75635effa6017cea06e01b5d1c225df9 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/46eb4d288c8435b425dedcfd6d65b3f0.jpg 35613dc5444de4d5beecc860f767abdf https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/2685a3cd03e7beefdb2f742f6af26854.jpg a1109da1e5eca017c0a3b5e999f7d5cb https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/4ec88331ca148102eaf894032978a37c.jpg de093fe84a61694a54d3d8dc3822e3c6 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/26956ea6fa49c1fdb0ddddad98e64cef.jpg d9e37e5ae3cd7c7875b4a25d58997399 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/45fd8a02db5b75463a38aed3c0e8b0ed.jpg 42d8d780e6ba988482b2ce7ee917e8b0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Plantations Subject The topic of the resource Plantations of the Cochineal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document To Sir Joseph Banks Baronet President of the Royal Society. Dear Sir, Besides the three Cochineal Insects as mentioned in my former Letters, I have found three others, one of which nearly resembles the Phillantous Emblica Insect, excepting that it is smaller in size, on Vitis Vinosera and Coaloo Velloy of the Tamuls which Doctor Russel tells me is the Galega Projirata of Koning, Another on Jumbo of the Tamuls, or Robinia Mills of Linnaeus. This Insect is found on the bark of the Tree, under a matted silky substance, which is so remarkably white, iris conspicuous at the distance of twenty yards. When the silky substance is removed, a beautiful duffer of motionless particles shining and glossy, like the eggs of Insects appears, but magnifying glasses discover them to be furnished with all the limbs compleat... By the affirmance of many gentlemen here, there will soon be plantations made on many parts of the coast. At Ongole about 170 miles north of this place Mr, Young is making a plantation, but I am obliged to send the Opuntias from hence as they are not natives north of the Pennar. I have likewise sent plants to Mr. Lenox at Madepoliam in the Lat. of 16.26 and to Mr. Roxburgh at Samal-Coctuh situated in the Lat. of Antequera, as well as to Doctor Russell at Vizagapatam in the parallel of I7.41 the same with that of Misteca. Mr. Wynch at Ganjam in 19.30 as far north as Pueblo de los Angeles and Tlalcala will I believe be induced to make a plantation. Colonel Elphinston commanding Chingleput, Mr. Wood at Tanjore, Mr. Skardon at Chinapa-naig Pollam, and several other Gentlemen to the Southward, where the Plant is indigenous, acquaint me they are cultivating the Opuntias with great care. Should we fail of success in rearing Cochineal here, the difference of Seasons will probably be the principal cause, and in that case it will only be necessary to transfer the plantations to the same Latitudes on the other side of the Peninsula, where the Rains fall in June the same time they experience the wet Season on Terra Firma. Could we look back to the ancient Guaxacans I question if it would appear that they had brought their Cochineal to perfection in so short a space of time as 6 months; nor can we suppose the Guasmangoes learned to reduce the Silver from the ore on the first discovery of it. ... Another great inconvenience is the high winds, which not only blow the insects from the leaves, but likewise break down the Opuntia Plants, which are very brittle; to remedy which a wall six or seven feet high will be necessary to enclose every plantation, from which no disadvantage need be apprehended, as the Coccus insects are always found in shady places. The rains here can be of little prejudice excepting at the time of the Monsoon, when leaves of the plants with Insects upon them may be lopped off and housed. ... I am with Esteem, Dear Sir, Your very obedient Servant James Anderson Fort St. George May 27th 1787, Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource An excerpt of a letter describing the increase of Plantations in India. Title A name given to the resource A Sixth Letter to Sir Joseph Banks Baronet Subject The topic of the resource Plantations Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Anderson, James. ASixth Letter to Sir Joseph Banks [...] (Madras: C. Ford, 1787). Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/b28765473 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 27, 1787 Type The nature or genre of the resource Letter https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/dc3ff99066a12ad144b962ffd9ef638a.jpg d50962b518c453db43cbc690436a2881 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/df2f39f8cbb31375ef8d8b609dd3c982.jpg 5a113f7cff3a4117aa3e6f9a6a6febf4 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/b14a21c8726d9e44aedaf15f4c166b13.jpg f9854dc1fb8efc5f308415b1e6d3a1cb https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/8bd3611dc6dc47418bee00a305244f13.jpg 9bb4c9e869286be13d5f04d2a0699d9b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Plantations Subject The topic of the resource Plantations of the Cochineal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document To Sir Joseph Banks Baronet, President of the Royal Society. Dear Sir, A Gale of wind from the West, attended with incessant heavy Rain during the 10th and 11th Ultimo, having eradicated many Trees here, has left my Cochineal Plantation rather in a shelttered state, but the destruction of Opuntia Plants gives me less concern being satisfied how much, soever the Thorns are reduced, no cultivation, will make the kind we have here, produce Fruit with red jucies, without which no improvement can be made in the colour of the infects. Colonel Kyd has taken much pains to search for a with red juices in Bengal as yet without success, and as any use which could be made of the Insects, beyond their description and Natural History, must necessarily be the work of many Persons, I have made it a Rule to declare whatever proves abortive in the Culture, as well as what success may attend every Experiment; Want of attention, in this particular, is no doubt the reason the rest of the World have fallen so far short ofthe Guaxacans in the Culture of Cochineal, which is so nice a matter, that the Spainards who have been Masters of the Country near 300 Years, are to this day very little acquainted with, any thing of it more than its Value, and I have been allured by Gentlemen who have been many Years there, that one Village will sometimes, by greater attention and care produce Cochineal of a finer Quality than another. Our want of success hitherto is no proof of the Culture being impracticable, nor can it be supposed Nature is so bounded as not to afford other Plants besides the Cactus fit to nourish these Insects with the most proper food, in this as well as any other Country; A delicious Fruit here named Tummuley by the Tamuls bids fair, and I have directed some of the Shrubs on which, it grows in the Woods to be dug up by the roots and Planted in my Garden, as the Fruit is throughout of a beautiful Ruby or Pigeons blood colour, staining the hands and lips of those who eat it. A few days ago I found a Motchey Tree in my Garden so stocked with Cochineal Insects, that the Leaves were stinted in their growth and crumpled together; this must be the Insect mentioned by Mr. Turing at Masulipatam, and is the same I had seen on the Rabinia Mitii and Ficus Maxima. As these Insects are in clusters covered with a Cottony or Wooly Silk, I have specified them by the name Erion — The Infect of the Vitis Vinifera and Galega Prostrata on account of it’s small Size Microgenes, and that of the Solarium Melongena being in a Cylindrical Cafe of Silic Koleos, in Roman Letters, for want of a Greek Type. All the Insects I have described are Silk Worms, and having taken it on myself to amend this part of Natural History by Specific Names Characteristic of each Insect; they appear in review as follows, ... I am with much Esteem, Dear Sir, Your very Obedient Humble Servant James Anderson Fort St. George Dec. 18th 1787 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Thirteenth Letter Subject The topic of the resource Plantations Description An account of the resource An extract of a letter saying that the insect they found in India was not the cochineal. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Anderson, James. A Thirteenth Letter to Sir Joseph Banks [...] (Madras: C. Ford, 1787). Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/b28768176 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 18, 1787 Type The nature or genre of the resource Letter https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/560fc870182a027b2e60a4e92e4eea38.pdf 140d3d8ac3e2d707fb2ea7a8be459a8b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Trade Subject The topic of the resource International Trade Description An account of the resource International Trade of cochineal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document America. Charlestown, (South-South Carolina) March 11. By the Hillsborough Packet-boat, commanded by Capt. George Blackhall, which arrived here last Tuesday, in 11 days from Pensacola, we learn, that that place was (when he left it) perfectly healthy, and well supplied both with provisions and goods: That a very beneficial trade was opened, and carried on, not only with the Spaniards, but also with the Indians; with the former for spice, indigo, cochineal, longwood, &c. and with the latter, for deer skins, so that the ship Indian-trader, Capt. M'Minn, which sailed from thence the [2d?] instant, for London, carried a cargo valued at 25,000l. sterling: That Brigadier General Holimund had withdrawn the garrison of [Tombridge-Fort?], and intended to establish another more advantageous post on Lake Putchintrain: That the Creek and [Cheifetan?] Indians continued the war against each other with unabating vigour, and the former were likely to suffer a good deal from the [Chichesaus?], who have sent out several parties against them: That the French and Spaniards still remain together at New-Orleans: And that Lieutenant Governor Browne had embarked the [3d?] instant, to [fill?] the lakes, and other interior ports of West-Florida, particularly that called the [Nitchez?], reported to be a place of greater resort for Indians than the Illinois, and some of the best lands in America. Capt. Blackhall left three Spanish vessels from La Vera Cruz and Campeachy, at Pensacola: and more were expected: And, on the 8th instant, he spoke with Indian-Trader in the gulph near the Mantaves, all well on board. By all accounts, the settlement and population of East-Florida, goes on with amazing rapidity. Since the first of November last to this day inclusive, there have arrived in this port, besides men of war and packet-boats 266 sail of vessel; whereof fifteen were bound to other ports. In the same time have sailed, 123 vessels, twelve of which have gone away ballast. And there remain 88 sail in port, most of them loaded. The exact amount of Rice exported in the same time is [71,244?] barrels. The price of Rice continues to be the 55th per 100. lb. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource America Subject The topic of the resource International Trade Description An account of the resource Article published in an American newspaper describing the international trade of the cochineal. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Boston Chronicle, Boston, Massachusetts, no. 18, pg. 161 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Readex: America's Historical Newspapers. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/apps/readex/doc?p=EANX&docref=image/v2:109E40F310394648@EANX-10B5F35EA7C73E28@2366917-10B5F35EE6F5F7F0@4-10B5F35FA5932FB8@America.+Charlestown%2C+%28South-Carolina%29+March+11. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 18, 1768 Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/4caa224604da227a7a559ccb27b5ca32.jpg 2657454cc13f73730367e562a06cc6ef https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/d5fc5fdf3cccfba66b1781776abe0750.jpg 9a744c88e8df290afeb12cca4ea3f238 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/37c20c5716a576b97c187130d2687068.jpg 0ce43be7e6718f9f22d30b82b98feab6 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/50f85c0678f0c2f37e1a8d74d1a51d95.jpg e873ca9253c34a586c1cfccf4f0c6f1e https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/ba78c4f742b64b268288fecc88be073f.jpg c03a73ca1c72e6967ec295ed8231c927 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/1d0e7fecf7c98cc60e28ad6ba1758054.jpg c5b9ca2b82ebf106fbde0b9ffe8219cd https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/ad9fccef1d8c856ca73722149d9a7a56.jpg a6296bc22b778b6d75b2d088d4b81610 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/8a58cd4c9e55f0fae85f0194f605b6b5.jpg cd5b900ef3905ee1c6539e75f10940a3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Plantations Subject The topic of the resource Plantations of the Cochineal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document To Sir Joseph Banks Baronet President of the Royal Society ... The indefatigable Koning found the Jesuits Bark Tree growing at Mount Ophir near Malacca, and many of the American Trees and Plants described by Hernandez, Rhedi, and Lyncius, being indigenous here, there is great probability the Cochineal Thistle may likewise be found. Sir Charles Linnaeus had the Insect: he describes from Dr. Rolander at Surinam, and Mr. Ellis that he mentions in the Philosophical Transactions, from Dr. Garden at Charles Town; but I cannot be persuaded, the want of hands in South Carolina would ever prevent our American Countrymen from cultivating them as he surmises, no more than it would the Dutch at Surinam. The fact undoubtedly is, either that the Insects they mention, were not the same species with those of Mexico, that they could not procure a Plant proper to feed them on, or that the people of these Colonies were not prepared to attend to the Minutia of treating them like the Natives of Mexico, of which many similar instances occur in comparing the habits of people of different Countries, e. g. it has ever been known to the workmen in Europe, that Quick Lime, mixed with sand and water, by long exposure to the air, becomes fit mortar for building, and here the same advantage is obtained by admixture of Sugar; in both cases it acquires what supplies the place of the fixable air, and water it had lost in calcination; but it is only the workmen of this Coast who can therewith plaister a wall, with a beautiful and durable cruft of artificial Marble, and make a cement equal to that of the Romans. The ready assistance I have experienced, having been attended with as much success as I could expect, I shall now drop the subject; having fully stated the result of ten months observation and although in a loose way, as the objects obtruded themselves on my attention ; yet not without a hope, that I have suggested enough to enable those who are particularly fond of Natural Knowledge, to prosecute it still farther. I am, with much Sincerity, and esteem Dear Sir, Your very obedient humble Servant, James Anderson Fort St. George Sept. 25th 1787 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Subject The topic of the resource Plantations Title A name given to the resource An Eleventh Letter Description An account of the resource An extract of a letter discussing the failures of plantations in America and in Dutch colonies. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Anderson, James. An Eleventh Letter to Sir Joseph Banks [...] (Madras: C. Ford, 1787): 6. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/b28765564 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 25, 1787. Type The nature or genre of the resource Letter https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/e6731188ede84567c062f613d704437c.pdf 4ff87ebfd3912e2005c7d021e0af21fc https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/74efa80898deb0ec3878f20293ee270c.pdf 856e683da2f718058c212739fee0da74 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/bf06e32f592098fc57e6c0bae38d97f6.pdf b6c66d8517803de1af75fe8101bc4d31 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/ac46b6c0663438b81e5c082a495ccf88.pdf 77e9fef54b90966a5330559e9b6171ec https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/8df8eadfc1ee02ef0ca5b5c8713b71c4.pdf 4ff87ebfd3912e2005c7d021e0af21fc https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/8a9eccbc9b4138a81703c50d45de37e3.pdf 856e683da2f718058c212739fee0da74 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/55cbb8715e467be3772e574965f5729b.pdf b6c66d8517803de1af75fe8101bc4d31 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/3e9603c5af07e7102765604a83c96bb2.pdf 77e9fef54b90966a5330559e9b6171ec Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Trade Subject The topic of the resource International Trade Description An account of the resource International Trade of cochineal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document A. D. - - 1763 The produce of South Carolina entered for exportation from the port of Charles-town, from the twenty-third of December 1761, the day the first vessel with rice, of crop 1761, was cleared out, to the first of September 1762, both days inclusive. … The following is a list of the prize goods taken at the Havannah: [A table with the goods and the amount of them] Sugar, - - - 5,841 chests. Cocoa, - - - 3,384 serons. [Cocoa,] - - - - 3 casks. Jesuits bark, - - 122 serons. Hide in the hair, - - - 8,363 Tanned hides, - - - 3,900 Tobacco, - - - 475. bales. Snuff, - -- 4,876 serons. Logwood, - - - 59,213 pieces. Fistick, - - 2,oo3 - [pieces.] Timber, - - - - 78 - [pieces.] Cedar planks, - - - - 8 Cochineal, - - - - 7 serons. Tortoiseshell, - - - 2 casks. From <https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?q1=cochineal;id=mdp.39015038647585;view=plaintext;start=1;sz=10;page=root;size=100;seq=17;num=7;orient=0> 450 An Account of Cochineal imported into and exported from Great Britain, for two years, viz. from Christmas 1772 to Christmas 1773, and from Christmas 1781 to 1782. [A table listing countries. Column headings: England, 1773 imported, England 1773 exported, Scotland 1773 imported, Scotland 1773 exported, England 1782 imported, England 1782 exported, Scotland 1782 imported, Scotland 1782 exported. All measurements are in lb.] Africa, - - - - - - - - Canaries, - - - - - - - - Denmark & Norway - 754 - - - 361 - - East Country, - - - - - 25 - - East Indies, - 9682 - - - 813 - - Flanders, 1040 1070 - - 100,0016 490 - 54 France, - 3522 - - - - - - Germany, - 1421 - - - 2973 - - Greenland, - - - - - - - - Holland, 5061 14767 - - - - - - Ireland, 411 799 - - - 4220 - - Isle of Man, - - - - - - - - Italy, - 1310 - - - - - - Madeira, - - - - - - - - Portugal, - 10 - - - - - - Poland, - - - - - - - - Russia, - 9348 - - - 5070- - Spain, 161,876 - - - - - - - Streights, - - - - - - - - Sweden, - 707 - - - 713 - - Turkey, - 532 - - - - - - Venice, - 231 - - - - - - Island of Guernsey, - - - - 1200 - - - Island of Jersey, - - - - - - - - North America, viz. New Providence, - - - - - - - - Canada, - - - - - - - - Carolina, - - - - - - - - Florida, 407 - - - 3000 - - - Georgia, - - - - - - - - Hudson's Bay, - - - - - - - - New England, - - - - - - - - Newfoundland, - - - - - - - - New York, - - - - - - - - Nova Scotia, - - - - - - - - Pennsylvania, - - - - - - - - Virginia & Maryland, 500 - - - - - - - West Indies. Antigua, - - - - - - - - Anguilla, - - - - - - - - Barbadoes, - - - - - - - - Dominica, - - - - - - - - GrenaJa, - - - - - - - - Jamaica, - - - - - - - - Montserrat, - - - - - - - - Nevis, - - - - - - - - St. Kitt's - - - - - - - - St. Lucia, -- - - - - - - - St. Vincent’s, - - - - - - - - St. Martin's, Demerara, - - - - - - - - St. Thomas's, - - - - - - - - Tobago, - - - - - - - - Tortola, - - - - - - - - New Orleans, - - - - - - - - Honduras, - - - - - - - - Falkland Islands, - - - - - - - - Bermudas, - - - - - - - - Musquito Shore, - - - - - - - - St. Eustatia, St. Croix, - - - - - - - - [total], 169, 245 44,153 - - 104,216 14,665 - 54 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Historical and Chronological Deduction. Subject The topic of the resource International Trade Description An account of the resource Tables published in a book describing the international trade of the Cochineal. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Anderson, A., Combe, W. An historical and chronological deduction of the origin of commerce, from the earliest accounts: Containing an history of the great commercial interests of the British Empire [...] (London: Printed for J. White [etc.], 1801), 7-8. 405. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Public Domain, Google-digitized. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015038647585 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1801 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/230f2ead2d9b3bbca3cbb3dd1497e221.jpg 7d0b23fea16738416f78385ef3ba37f1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Piracy of the Cochineal Subject The topic of the resource Piracy Description An account of the resource A Description of how the Cochineal was stolen by pirates Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound Barbary Cosairs The depredations committed in the Mediterranean by the Barbary pirates, has among all the nations concerned in the West-India trade. When these pirates meet a ship, which they find to be richly freighted, and that belongs to some nation with which they are on terms of friendship; they cannot bear to lose a rich booty and therefore devise some pretext for seizing both ship and cargo. This appeared lately in their conduct respecting two French West-Indiamen. One was homeward bound for St. Domingo, and laden with sugar, coffee, indigo, and cochineal; and had also on board a chest containing 5000 pieces of eight The other was outward bound from Marseilles. There two ships have been taken and carried into Algiers, through the Algerines are at peace with France. The pretended grounds on which the corsairs took these ships are, that one was not really a French but an Imperial ship, the Captain of which had purchased a French pass; and that in the other they had found flags of different nations, and among others an American flag; and further, that the Captian had two passes, one of which he threw overboard. The French Consul at Algiers has claimed both ships, in behalf of their owners, who, he maintains, are really French subjects. The Dey has promised that the claim shall be fairly tried; but little justice can be expected from a Prince, who has not so much as reprimanded Sala and Ail, two of his naval commanders, the captors, for having caused the head of one of the Fench mates to be chopped off, for having presumed even to remonstrate against the resolution taken by those merciless captors - to fend the French crews immediately into slavery. Text Any textual data included in the document Barbary Cosairs The depredations committed in the Mediterranean by the Barbary pirates, has among all the nations concerned in the West-India trade. When these pirates meet a ship, which they find to be richly freighted, and that belongs to some nation with which they are on terms of friendship; they cannot bear to lose a rich booty and therefore devise some pretext for seizing both ship and cargo. This appeared lately in their conduct respecting two French West-Indiamen. One was homeward bound for St. Domingo, and laden with sugar, coffee, indigo, and cochineal; and had also on board a chest containing 5000 pieces of eight The other was outward bound from Marseilles. There two ships have been taken and carried into Algiers, through the Algerines are at peace with France. The pretended grounds on which the corsairs took these ships are, that one was not really a French but an Imperial ship, the Captain of which had purchased a French pass; and that in the other they had found flags of different nations, and among others an American flag; and further, that the Captian had two passes, one of which he threw overboard. The French Consul at Algiers has claimed both ships, in behalf of their owners, who, he maintains, are really French subjects. The Dey has promised that the claim shall be fairly tried; but little justice can be expected from a Prince, who has not so much as reprimanded Sala and Ail, two of his naval commanders, the captors, for having caused the head of one of the Fench mates to be chopped off, for having presumed even to remonstrate against the resolution taken by those merciless captors - to fend the French crews immediately into slavery. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Barbary Corsairs Subject The topic of the resource Piracy Description An account of the resource Article published in an American newspaper describing the piracy of the cochineal by very successful pirates. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Pennsylvania Mercury and Universal Advertiser, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, issue 461, pge 3. Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 24, 1789