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              <text>The very rich Mexican fleet which had not arrived in any Spanish port when the last advices left Ireland, has on board fifteen millions of silver piastres, thirty thousand gold piastres, four thousand five hundred gold castellans, twenty thousand silver marks, forty thousand and six hundred arobes of cochineal, and eight thousand quintals of copper. </text>
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                <text>New-York, September 25.</text>
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                <text> Royal Gazette (New York, New York), no. 312, pg. 3.</text>
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                <text>Readex: America's Historical Newspapers. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/apps/readex/doc?p=EANX&amp;docref=image/v2:1051CE9752E72C20@EANX-1043EE074C5759EF@2371094-1043EE07FABC81BA@4-1043EE09A881BB65@New-York%2C+September+25.</text>
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                <text>September 25, 1779</text>
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              <text>The imports, whether by way of merchandize [sic.] or [peiars?] consist chiefly in gold and silver [silks?], damasks, cloths, spices, tin, iron, plated brass, [lead?], quicksliver, cordage, [rail?] of cloths, bullets, linen, cochineal, tartar, allum, rice, sugar, soap, cotton raw and spun, coppers, aloes, [Benzil?] and logwood, vermillion, arsenic, gum, [lack?], sulphur [sic.], opium, anise, and cummin-seen, mastic, sarsaparilla, aspic, frankincense, [galle?], honey, [paper old?], and new cards, combo, dried fruits, and variety of wollen stuff.</text>
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                <text>Present State of Algiers</text>
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                <text> Rivington's New York Gazetteer (New York, New York), no. 130,  pg. 1.</text>
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                <text>October 12, 1775</text>
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              <text>We lost the most profitable branches of the Turkey trade from the address and industry of our assidious [sic.] neighbor on the continent. It is certain that the richest, for the quantity of its merchandize [sic.], and the most regular of all the European commerce, established in Turkey, is that of the French. They reckon, that the value of their commerce, active and passive, exceeds twenty millions of Turkish piastres a year. The articles they bring from their country to Turkey are woollen cloths, wrought silks, caps, paper, sugar, cochineal, indigo, gold lace, and an infinite quantity of trinkets, and other trifles, Their returns are grain of all kinds, coffee, goat's hair, cottons, wool, silk, and other articles. The cloth branch is the most advantageous of any to the French. They send out cloths of three qualities, and all three are very acceptable in Turkey, because the price is always lower than that of the English cloths. The great consumption that the Turks are obliged to make of them, is the cause that they have hitherto been always preferred to all the other sorts of cloth. The colours of the French cloths are more lively and durable than those of the English.</text>
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                <text>New-York Morning Post (New York, New York), no. 782, pg. 2. </text>
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                <text>Readex: America's Historical Newspapers. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/apps/readex/doc?p=EANX&amp;docref=image/v2:11B0248DCBD42C7A@EANX-11B3CE6387193708@2373645-11B3CE63901A2D58@1-11B3CE63A338FBA8@New-York%2C+Sept.+19.+By+the+Arrival+of+the+British+Packet%2C+under+the+Command+of+Capt.</text>
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                <text>September 19, 1786</text>
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              <text>[Page title: Palestine and the Whole Ottoman Empire.] &#13;
&#13;
[In margin: Clocks and Watches much esteem'd of-]&#13;
ALL ſorts of Clocks and Watches made in Britain, are in Turkey vendible gods and Commodities, with many other valuable Merchandices frequently exported into the Grand Signior's Country, and affording very large and easy Profit.&#13;
&#13;
[In margin: Goods imported by the Turkey Merchants.}&#13;
The British Merchants in return for these, import vast quantities of Grograms, Camlets, Tissues, Velvets, and raw Silk in great abundance; fine Rhubarb, Opium, Aloes, Balm of Gilead, Caffa, Coffee, and a thousand other Drugs of noted Efficacy in Medicinal Operations.&#13;
&#13;
 Fine Cochineal, Cum-Maſtick, Terra Sigiliata, Indico and Cotton; rich Sherbets, Cavear, and Carpets of a noble Size, and wrought beyond Compariſon; Embroider'd Muslins, Silks, and Handkerchiefs, or curious Workmanship in Gold on Leather, with a number more of such like Manufactures, profitably pleasant to industrious Traders, are imported with an unknown Gain, from several Harbours of the Sultan's Empire. &#13;
&#13;
[In margin: Shagreen, how made, and whence imported.}&#13;
Another sort of Merchandice imported thence, is Leather of all sorts, prepar'd and unprepar'd, besides which the Country yields great quantities of Seals-Skins, Goats-Skins, and the Wild Ass's-Hide, whereof they make the best Shagreen in use amongst us. &#13;
&#13;
Pistaches, Almonds, Dates, dried Quinces, Marmalade, and Fruits of all sorts, are by Foreign Merchants, bought at very low and reasonable Prices, whence, transported to the several Ports of Christian Countries, they are sold to great advantage. &#13;
&#13;
[In margin: The Hollanders Conveniences, in trading with the Turks.]&#13;
Next to the British Factory, the Hollanders maintain the greatest Trade with Turkey, dealing for the same Commodities; but sending Ships much larger and at half the Charges, they (for the most part ) make the best Returns, and speedieſt Voyages.&#13;
&#13;
[In margin: The ungenerous Policy of France in respect to Turkey.&#13;
The French as well as those laſt nam'd, maintain Embassadours at Constantinople; but with this difference, that the first design thereby no other Interest than their Factories Prosperity, whereas the last have other ends directly contrary; and by preserving a perpetual Amity between their Monarch and the Sultan, endeavour still at every favourable Opportunity, to stirr that People up to War against such Nations as are Enemies to France; by such unchristian Practices imagining to gain some sure Advantage, by the great Diversion which the Turk must make, invading Christendom. &#13;
&#13;
[In margin: The Jews the only Brokers for the Turkish Merchants.]&#13;
I have before inform'd my Reader, that the Jews are Brokers to the Turkish Merchants, and indeed on them lies all the management of publick [Traffick?]; People fram’d by Nature with a Conscience and Capacity, alike endued to cheat the Universe; they grow by these means soon extreamly Great and Wealthy, but the Turkish Ministers have learn’d a Lesson, how to squeeze a Grape when ripe and juicy, to the best advantage. &#13;
&#13;
[In margin: Domestic trade, how carry'd on.]&#13;
The utmost of their Foreign Trade is now express'd, I next proceed to speak of their Domestic Traffick, which is partly carried on by Coasting Vessels sailing cautiously at little distance from the Shore, and partly by the Caravans or Land Conveniencies, which are constantly in motion, export the Manufactures of one Part of their Dominions to another.&#13;
&#13;
Their Navigation, as I have before declar'd, is mean and far inſerior to the Christian's Skill, and therefore they are backward in the hazarding Commodities by Sea, unless in Trade with Islands, or a Country they may reach.</text>
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                <text>A Full Account of the Ottoman Empire</text>
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                <text>Hill, Arron. A full and just account of the present state of the Ottoman Empire in all its branches: with the government [...], (Londo, 1709), 87.</text>
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              <text>England.&#13;
London, July 16. The Spaniards have, on the rich and extensive continent of South America, more territory than they can settle, manage, know what to do with; the Portuguese possessions in the Brazile are far more valuable than the famous thirteen northern colonies; the Dutch have to [stowing?] of Surinam, a part of Guiana, which was indeed seded to them by the English for New York. And the French have a considerable part of Guiana, which, though very much undervalued hitherto at a colony, is a very fertile country, and of much greater extent than the whole island of St. Domingo. The French military are become more [fertole?] than ever of the importance of that settlement, they sent out a few years ago some expert surveyors to examine it to the state  of the country and the settlers; those gentlemen have reported that no country can be more fertile than Guiana, that it produces sugar, coffee, cotton, indigo, and every article known in the West Indian [?], besides many other productions peculiar to its [?]. that moreover, the  crops are much superior to those of the [Antilies] and Carribean Islands in the West Indias, as well in quantity as quality, that the valuable [tumbers?] on the banks of navigable rivers after greatest [?] to new settlers; it is said they have [Cayese?], and other parts if Guiana as have harbour for [couping?] as any on that continent; and that the navigation to and from Europe is [fater?] and [shorter?] than that of the islands;  with the prospect of a most beneficial trade with the Spaniards and Portuguese on the continent, of which the Dutch at Surinam and [Curcua?] have long lasted the sweets, supplying them with slaves and goods, and taking in return gold, silver, cocoa, vanilla, Jersun's bark, cochineal, and other valuable commodities. </text>
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              <text>Spain.&#13;
Cadiz, March 3. The day before yesterday, a brigantine entered this port for Guayra. Her cargo consists of 16,139 crowns, 3, 727 bushels of cocoa, 133,869 lb, of anniseed, 1,585 raw hides, and 2211 deer skins.&#13;
The frigate St. Catherine, from Havana, brought 657,561 piastres for the King, &amp; 293,163 for private merchants; 92 marks of wrought silver, and 280 arobes of cochineal. </text>
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              <text>London,&#13;
May 1. We are informed that Mr. Hope of Amersterdam, in conjunction with Mr, [Baring?] and other merchants of equal consequence, have lately bought up all the cochineal that could be purchased at the different European markets. &#13;
The above gentlemen have also lately entered into other important speculations, tending to [thew?] that they do not consider the tranquility of Great-Britain and her new allies as likely to be of long duration.&#13;
The very great commercial concerns of the house of Hope in every quarter of the globe, render their political knowledge as extensive as their connections; and of course, give them the earliest intelligence of every event that can be interesting to the mercantile world. </text>
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              <text>The following Description of the Kingdom of Morocco, may, no doubt, be agreeable to our Readers at this Time, as they have lately declared War against His Britannick Majesty. &#13;
Morocco, Empire, in Africa, comprehending the kingdoms of Fez and Morocco, is bounded by the Mediterranean sea on the N. by the river Fulvia, which divides it from Algiers, on the E. by Bildulgerid on the S. and by the Atlantic ocean on the W. being about 500 m. long, and 200 broad. It is a fine country, consisting of mountains and vast extended plains, none of them unfruitful; of the mountains, those of Atlas, and the chief, extending from Algiers in the E. to the ocean in the W.  which from them has obtained the name of the Atlantic ocean. Their animals of most use here, are camels, and they have a very fine breed of horses; and in their deserts are found lyons [sic], tygers [sic], leopards, and serpents of a prodigious size, it travellers don't deceive us. Their soil produces good wheat, rice, and barley, and would yield a great deal more, if well cultivated; but only the Jews plant the vine; the olive also thrives here, and yields excellent oil. They have also dates, figs, almonds, lemons, oranges, pomegranetes, and a variety of other fruits; nor do they want flax or hemp; but wood, especially timber, is scarce here. They have no ships of war, only some small pyratical [sic] vessels, which they crowd with men, and take great prizes sometimes, especially the Saller rovers; but as for merchant-ships or a foreign trade, they carry on none on their own bottoms. Their trade by land is either with Arabia or Negroland; to Mecca they send caravans consisting of several thousand camels, horses, and mules, twice every year, partly for traffic, and partly on a religious account, great numbers of pilgrims taking this opportunity of visiting Mecca. They carry thither fine wollen manufactures, Morocco-skins, indigo, cochineal, and ostrich feathers bring back silks, muslins, calicoes, coffee, and drugs. By the caravans which go to Negroland, they send salt, silk, and woolen manufactures, taking gold, ivory, and Negro slaves in return; and with these [?] roes the Emperor recruits his cavalry.&#13;
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              <text>Form the French Passes for British Ships. &#13;
By the King's Authority.&#13;
To our dear and well beloved Cousen Louis John Mary of Bourbon, Duke of Penthievre Admiral of France; to Vice-Admirals, Lieutenant Generals of our Naval forces, Chiefs of Squadrons, Captains commanding  our ships, and those of our ships armed on a cruise; Governors of our ports, Captains, Guarda coasts, Governors of our towns and maritime places, Majors, Consuls, and their Deputies, Lieutenants of the Admiralty; and all others our Officers and Subjects whom it shall concern; Greeting, Having permitted Capain Commander of the ship navigated with men of the burthen of tons, to go from to and it being our intention that the make her voyage in safety; notwithstanding what is said in one of the Preliminary Articles of Peace, according to which, prizes made during the term of three months, are deemed good in the rout the said ship is going: Wherefore it is our will, and we command you, to let her pass at liberty and in safety, without giving her any trouble or hinderance whatsoever; but on the contrary, favour, help and asisist in case of need; for such is our pleasure.&#13;
Given a Versailles, the 22nd day of Nov. 1762. Louis. By the King's Authority, The Duke of Choiseul, Undersigned by the Duke of Penthievre. (We hope it will not be amiss to observe, that no more than 7 l. 13 s. 6 d. is taken here for such a Pass; which is but a trifle for such as cannot do without them: but though it may not be too much for some to give, it seems too much for others to take. However, it must be admitted that custom, which is often more powerful than law, gives men a right to make the most of their respective trades, callings, and offices.)&#13;
It is said the value of all British ships taken by the French before the declaration of war will be made good by the Government to the losers.&#13;
An account of the prize goods taken at the Havannah, and which were expected to arrive on board the fleet:&#13;
[list separated into two columns]&#13;
5841 Chests of Sugar.&#13;
3385 Serons [?] Cocoa.&#13;
3 [?]&#13;
199  Serons Jesuits Bark.&#13;
8363 Hides of Hair.&#13;
3928 Tanned ditto,&#13;
475 Bales Tobacco.&#13;
4876 Serons Snuff.&#13;
59213 Pieces Logwood.&#13;
2003 Ditto Fustie.&#13;
76 Ditto Timber.&#13;
8 Ceder Planks.&#13;
7 Serons Cochineal.&#13;
2 Casks Tortiseshell.&#13;
To the value of 300,000 l.&#13;
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                <text>Article published in an American newspaper describing the international trade of the Cochineal.</text>
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                <text>New-York Mercury (New York, New York), no. 600, pg. 2.</text>
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                <text>Readex: America's Historical Newspapers. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/apps/readex/doc?p=EANX&amp;docref=image/v2:10DBEB948F3572A8@EANX-10DEF2247AAFF8B8@2365097-10DEF224A6A14840@1-10DEF2255A557C50@Form+of+the+French+Passes+for+British+Ships.</text>
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                <text>April 25, 1763</text>
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              <text>Edinburgh, Oct. 6. On Friday Capt. Fowler, of the Betty, of and for Frasersburgh, just arrived from Bergen with wood, came to the Custom-house and reported, that there was at Bergen a large French snow privateer, the Comtesse de la Sicur of Dunkirk, Charles Francis Robert Commander, mounting twenty guns twelve pounders on one deck, and men in proportion, who had taken and brought into Bergen two Whitehaven vessels from Riga, and one Newcastle ship bound for Chester. And that at the same time, two French West-Indiamen from St. Domingo came to Bergen, and unloaded their cargoes of indigo, sugar, cotton, cochineal, &amp;c. There were on board one of these ships, 50 Spaniards, whom the French Consul obliges to enter on board the said privateer, which, it was said, designs to cruize between Crossford and Nacs of Norway, to intercept our east-country trade.  </text>
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                <text>Edinburgh. Oct 6. </text>
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                <text>New-York Gazette, or Weekly Post-Boy (New York, New York), no. 781, pg. 2</text>
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                <text>Readex: America's Historical Newspapers. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/apps/readex/doc?p=EANX&amp;docref=image/v2:10D34AE6B0969558@EANX-10DAAEDF73052458@2363165-10DAAEDFBAA0AEA8@1-10DAAEE0DD1B5EC8@Edinburgh%2C+Oct.+6</text>
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                <text>January 9, 1758</text>
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