4 10 48 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/bffc2a815770632b46dfa68553873465.jpg a3247092bd0f8a536c7d01466e6b5406 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/250811857e93638875aadbb0d642b97a.jpg debada801870ac0b38c1f4673828744b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Piracy of the Cochineal Subject The topic of the resource Piracy Description An account of the resource A Description of how the Cochineal was stolen by pirates Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound London, Sept. 20 From the Amsterdam Gazette Pontechery (upon the Coast of Coromanuel, in the East Indies) January 21. Three Ships belonging to the New French Company are preparing to set out by the beginning of next Month; they sail all together by reason of the English Pyrates, a great Number whereof are in the Indian Seas, and they have already taken several considerable Prizes from the English, Dutch, and Turks. They assure us that these Pyrates are selled in the Isle of St. Mary, near the Isle of Madagascar; a Place in which they tell us they may so secure themselves, that it will be no easy matter to destroy them; for they may build Fortifications, and their Provisions they may have from Madagascar, which is the cause not only of a great deal of Uneasiness but also Fear in several Nations trading to the Indies. By a Letter from Gibralter, we have the following. Lift of the Prizes taken by the Moors, and carried into Salee and Larache in the Month of July, viz. A Franch Tartane, with about 800 Quintals of Stuff, whose People were carried Captives into Larache. The Anthony Galley of Hamburgh, bound for Lisbon, Capt. Jerome Tourmoy, 10 Guns, 14 Men, takenabout 14 Leagues off of Lisbon, on the 18th of July, and carried into Salee. Her Lading was very valuable, Cambricks, Galz'd Linnen, Cloaths, Damasks, Copper Plats, & c. A Frenc Ship from Cadiz for Havre de Grace, carried into Salee, July 25, from which they made, 26 Captives, among them two French Merchants and an English Gentleman's Son about 9 Years old. Her Lading consisted among other things, of 60,000 Dollars in Gold and Silver COin, 50 Quintals of Cochineal, 3 Boxes of wrought Plate, 900 Quintals of Soap, 50 Buts of Oil, & c. A small Vessel carried into Salee, July 28 said to carry Portuguese Colours, having on Board 4 Englishmen and 5 Portuguese. Her Lading was 100 Hides, 50 Rolls of Tobacco, 40 Buts of Brandy and Oul, and vast Quantities of Snuff, besides other Goods that were not reported. Text Any textual data included in the document London, Sept. 20 From the Amsterdam Gazette Pontechery (upon the Coast of Coromandel, in the East Indies) January 21. Three Ships belonging to the New French Company are preparing to set out by the beginning of next Month; they sail all together by reason of the English Pyrates, a great Number whereof are in the Indian Seas, and they have already taken several considerable Prizes from the English, Dutch, and Turks. They assure us that these Pyrates are setled in the Isle of St. Mary, near the Isle of Madagascar; a Place in which they tell us they may so secure themselves, that it will be no easy matter to destroy them; for they may build Fortifications, and their Provisions they may have from Madagascar, which is the cause not only of a great deal of Uneasiness but also Fear in several Nations trading to the Indies. By a Letter from Gibralter, we have the following. Lift of the Prizes taken by the Moors, and carried into Salee and Larache in the Month of July, viz. A Franch Tartane, with about 800 Quintals of Stuff, whose People were carried Captives into Larache. The Anthony Galley of Hamburgh, bound for Lisbon, Capt. Jerome Tourmoy, 10 Guns, 14 Men, taken about 14 Leagues off of Lisbon, on the 18th of July, and carried into Salee. Her Lading was very valuable, Cambricks, Galz'd Linnen, Cloaths, Damasks, Copper Plats, & c. A French Ship from Cadiz for Havre de Grace, carried into Salee, July 25, from which they made, 26 Captives, among them two French Merchants and an English Gentleman's Son about 9 Years old. Her Lading consisted among other things, of 60,000 Dollars in Gold and Silver Coin, 50 Quintals of Cochineal, 3 Boxes of wrought Plate, 900 Quintals of Soap, 50 Buts of Oil, & c. A small Vessel carried into Salee, July 28 said to carry Portuguese Colours, having on Board 4 Englishmen and 5 Portuguese. Her Lading was 100 Hides, 50 Rolls of Tobacco, 40 Buts of Brandy and Oul, and vast Quantities of Snuff, besides other Goods that were not reported. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource London, Sept. 20 Subject The topic of the resource Piracy Description An account of the resource Article origination in London published in an American newspaper describing successful pirates who have taken the cochineal to their Isle, which was very secured. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived American Weekly Mercury, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. pg. 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 20, 1722 to February 27, 1722 Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Readex: America's Historical Newspapers. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/apps/readex/doc?p=EANX&docref=image/v2:10380B67EBBF3BE8@EANX-105E3D56F42DAE45@2350065-105E3D57219AAF3B-105E3D578A7A49D4. https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/2c46ae2e9ef26e0a90006749ac00918e.pdf 6b372d2ff44ea0a0beee16c91e5b52fd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Trade Subject The topic of the resource International Trade Description An account of the resource International Trade of cochineal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Medicine. The Subscriber, in addition to his former Stock, has received by the Jay, Captain Dyre, from Amsterdam via New-York, a large supply of [Gename?] Drugs, Medicines, Shop Furniture, &c. which he is now opening and offers for sale in large or small quantity on moderate terms, for cash; [some?] few are Ciemar Tarter, Rhubarb, [Burk?] red and pie; Gum Amoniac; Myrh, [Alnsetida?], Kino, [Tragaedath?], Camphor and Opium; Kerme's Mineral, [Mamma?], Flake and common Harlem Oil; Cantharides, Juniper berries, Bergamot, Lavender, Cochineal, Ginger, Arsenic, white and yellow Prussian Blue, No 1,2 and 3, White Lead; Lake, Role, Pink, Vermillion, Copal Varnish, Crucibles, [triangular?] and round of various sized; Nipple Pipes, Phials, Medicine, [Chests], with proper Directions, &c. P. Moser, Corner Broad and Church-Street February 12. [?] 4. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Medicine Subject The topic of the resource International Trade Description An account of the resource Article published in an American newspaper describing the international trade of the Cochineal. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived City Gazette (Charleston, South Carolina) no. 2671, pg.1. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Readex: America's Historical Newspapers. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/apps/readex/doc?p=EANX&docref=image/v2:1089C6C0AF0CEFE8@EANX-108C2071A0214BC8@2377083-108C2071CB52F8B8@1-108C2072D1E1D1E0@. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 17, 1796 Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/9a6ab2dcbcbf5e1ac1b304e54558bd0f.pdf ade8a28d15a41fda15a66a4ddd464e32 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Plantations Subject The topic of the resource Plantations of the Cochineal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document To the Right Honorable Lord Hobart. Governor in Council. My Lord, I have delayed till now reporting on the Cochineal insects, which Doctor Anderson informed Government, on the 22d ultimo, he had delivered to my charge, that the insects having gone through all their stages, I might speak with some degree of certainty as to the success of their culture here, and with pleasure I can say, that the climate seems most congenial, that they have thriven in all situations, both sheltered and exposed, even to the direct rays of the sun, and to wind and weather, and encountered during the short time they have been here as bad weather for them, as can happen except during the monsoon; strong wind accompanied with heavy falls of rain. The insect too has come to its full growth and produced young even in shorter time than was found in Bengal, having placed young insects on the country nopal on the 28th ultimo, which on the 24th instant produced a new progeny; this quick growth, more than double what happens in Mexico, its hardiness and numerous issue, with the facility that the nopal, on which it thrives, is reared, and the great abundance this plant is now in on every part of the Coast, since Doctor Anderson first called an attention to it in 1787, afford every inducement to an extensive and speedy cultivation. I have now above 100 plants of the country nopal in the garden, and several in the Choultry in pots, with insects placed on them, and can have no hesitation in saying that by this time next month, there will be sufficient to carry their culture to any extent, and even now I should be happy to send a breed to whomever may be induced to rear them. Having hitherto cultivated a variety of foreign nopals for this purpose, on all of which I have also experienced the same want of success in rearing the insects that Captain Neilson, and Doctor Roxburgh did, and that the country nopal first cultivated, as being common and considered less valuable had been thrown out, I am now employed planting the country nopals in their room, and intend only keeping a portion of the Kew nopal in the garden, is this plant is undoubtedly what the fine cochineal is reared upon, and which from this fortunate commencement may also be expected; but independant of this the young leaves of the Kew nopal, are the best succulent and wholesome vegetable, that can be carried to sea, and will remain good for many months, and of which Commodore Rainier has had several supplies, many Captains of Indiamen and others, who have acknowledged its utility- I have already transplanted about 2000 rooted country nopals. and placed them 6 feet asunder, and in a short time more will have 5000, and I am intersecting the fields with hedges of odina (wodier) brandies enclosing nearly every 100 plants, as Doctor Anderson thinks it of great value as a fence almost immediately formed, easily procured, of quick growth, and that will live in every foil. Having told your Lordship that the insects have thriven in every situation, I must however observe, that they have been most numerous when sheltered in some degree from the wind and direct rays of the sun, for which purposes odina fences and flight pandalls of cocoa nut or palmira leaves, sufficient also to keep off any sudden fall of rain, will answer, and with these there can be no doubt the insects may be as numerous on each plant as is thought proper. - as they never can be cultivated to any extent if allowed to remain on the same plants, they are what is termed sown, that is, two or more females full grown are placed according to the size of the plants, at the divisions of the branches, in the most favorable situation for the young insects to spread over them, in bags, the corners being tied together, of 2 inch square pieces, of the fibrous covering of the stems of cocoa-nut leaves, the parenchyma of which has been destroyed by the weather, leaving only a network of the fibres, that the young may be able to pass freely through them, these females must be taken as soon as any young appear; or what I have found answer very well, when a leaf of a nopal can be spared, is to cut it into pieces according to the number of females adhering, and with the thorns of the plant fix these pieces wherever they may be wished; when this is done, the only other attention that is required is to keep the ground clean about the roots of the plants to drive away vermin, and perhaps water the plants a little till young again appear, when such females as are wanted for breeding are without loss of time placed on fresh plants as before described, and the remainder of the insects gathered also as quickly as possible, and plunged into boiling water between two cloths, till the water covers the whole, when they are taken out and dried in the fun and then are fit for the market; the quicker all this is done the better, for the young constituting the finest colouring part, if they are allowed to escape, they cannot be collected, and the mothers become of little value, soon nothing but an empty husk; the plants are then washed and cleared of insects, and allowed to recruit for a month or two, for a succession of many insects on one plant will certainly destroy it. What is farther considered necessary, is to have plants in pots or boxes under cover or in places that can be covered, to preserve a breed from heavy falls of rain and in wet weather, I have now therefore and shall always have in the choultry, the only cover at the nopalry, a sufficient number of plants in pots for this purpose, so that they may be distributed at any time. Having thus stated to your Lordship all regarding the culture of the insects that occurs to me, and what I have been doing, it may be only proper to add in respect to its intrinsic value, and value to this country, that the dye of the silvester cochineal, which this is, is by no means inferior to the grana fina, and is only of less value about one third, from the silky covering which adding to its weight makes equal parts not equally colouring, but this covering renders it more easily reared and a more certain produce than the other, so that in Mexico it is the principal culture of the poor, requiring no stock, and but few hands to earn a subsistence on frequently the worst ground, and employing only the feeble and old, women and children. I am, My Lord, &c. Andrew Berry. Fort St. George, August 26th, 1795. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Miscellaneous Communications, August 26th, 1795 Subject The topic of the resource Plantations Labor Production of Dye Description An account of the resource A letter describing how the plantations in India were better than those in Mexico, how the use plantations, how they make dye, and native labor. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Anderson, James. Five Letter to Sir Joseph Banks [...] (Madras: C. Ford, 1795): 68-71. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/miscellaneouscom00andeiala Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 26, 1795 Type The nature or genre of the resource Letter https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/0ddc9eab9396611a71274d5ae71f7651.pdf 77984a1e56422f22890feba727082926 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Plantations Subject The topic of the resource Plantations of the Cochineal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document To Doctor Anderson, P.G. Condapilly, August 27th, 1795. I return you my sincere thanks for the account of the Cochineal insects you were so good as to send me some time ago, which I should have acknowledged sooner but have been much indisposed with sore eyes, a disease very common here at present. A great deal of this valley laying waste might with little trouble or expence be employed in the cultivation of the opuntia, indeed it seems fit for little else. I have no doubt, were Government to give the smallest encouragement to it, many people here would very soon be induced to cultivate the Cochineal, but without some attention from Government, they will not easily be brought to believe it a matter of any consequence. If you will favor me with a few joints of the opuntia I will cultivate it myself, and do all I possibly can to make some of the more liberal part of the natives cultivate it also: probably if Government were to allow a small gratuity for every certain quantity of Cochineal manufactured by the natives, and taken in part payment of kits, it might prove a means of introducing the general cultivation of the little insect. Robert Gallaway. To Mr. Galloway, Assistant Surgeon, at Condapilly Your idea is so proper regarding the mode which the Cochineal insects may be rendered productive that it demands my most sincere acknowledgments, and to assure you that by applying to Lieut. Freeman at Masulipatam you may obtain a supply of any number of plants that you may want, and I will take care that a breed of the insects are forwarded to you in due time. The establishment of a Nopalry here having been made some years ago and now the compliance of Government with the orders of the Honorable Court of Directors in defraying the expences I have incurred, leaves no room to doubt that much attention will be given to the improvements I have introduced, and as you justly observe, were Government to hold out the smallest incouragement to the people, many of them, would very soon be induced to cultivate; as on the other hand without that countenance the people must imagine that my plans of industry are contrary to the views of Government. James Anderson. Fort St. George, September 2d, 1 795, Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Miscellaneous Communications, August 27th, 1795 Subject The topic of the resource Plantations Description An account of the resource A letter to James Anderson and his reply describing the movement of the cochineal throughout plantations in India and how to get Indians to start their own plantations. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Anderson, James. Five Letter to Sir Joseph Banks [...] (Madras: C. Ford, 1795): 75-76. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/miscellaneouscom00andeiala Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 27th, 1795 and September 2, 1795 Type The nature or genre of the resource Letter https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/3c627e172983f9bd239f66c01a93d68c.pdf d4a1356d1970d02c6f2bd390796db124 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Plantations Subject The topic of the resource Plantations of the Cochineal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document To Doctor Anderson P.G. I return you many thanks for your interesting communication, which I received yesterday, and have read with much pleasure. The benevolent aim of all your labours must excite a lively with in every person for their ultimate success and prosperity - I am extremely happy to learn that you have at last been able to obtain the cochineal insect from America, and besides the interest which every one must feel in an event which tends to enlarge our knowledge, and improve our commerce, I cannot but sincerely rejoice personally on your account; knowing how satisfactory it must be to you, and that it will in some measure compensate the many difficulties and discouragements, which have been thrown in your way - Those it is to be hoped, you will be able to surmount, and finally to accomplish the useful work which you have begun. In the midst of the difficulties and obstructions which necessarily attend the progress of a new undertaking like this, every liberal mind will find a pleasure in reflecting, that an art once established perpetuates itself, that the most beneficial improvements are also the most lasting, and though their first beginnings are slow and difficult, their after duration is but little affected by the revolutions of power. Even the introduction of an useful vegetable is an acquisition of which conquest has never deprived the world. - The cherry tree, which was first transplanted into Europe by a Roman Consul,has long outlived the downfall of the Roman power: tho' Lucullus when he adorned his villa with this useful tree, little thought that he was doing what would survive the effect of all his victories, and even the greatness of his country. Instances conformable to history and experience, will seldom belie our expectation, and it is reasonable to hope that the growth of the mulberry and opuntia, with the valuable insects which feed upon them, will probably continue to awaken industry and multiply the means of subsistence on this coast, after the memory of more splendid events, which often only operate to waste and destroy, has been long lost and forgotten, but whatever be the final result, this at least must be the earnest wish of every person who is a friend to mankind. Fra. Duncan, Warriore, August 8th, 1795 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Miscellaneous Communications, August 8th, 1795 Subject The topic of the resource Plantations Piracy Description An account of the resource A letter discussing the British having the cochineal for their plantations in India and how important and traditional of foreign plantations. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Anderson, James. Five Letter to Sir Joseph Banks [...] (Madras: C. Ford, 1795): 52-53. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/miscellaneouscom00andeiala Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 8th, 1795 Type The nature or genre of the resource Letter https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/c55b321656cd4e264c7c9cc2306acdde.pdf ba4735b93b173fe559af3b0a4f666c49 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Plantations Subject The topic of the resource Plantations of the Cochineal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document To Captain Neilson. Doctor Roxburgh, the superintendent of the Company's Botanical establishment, has acquainted the Governor General in Council that you have delivered to him a number of cochineal insects, &c. procured at Rio Janiero. The value of the present can only be ascertained by experience, but whatever that may prove, the Governor General in Council has directed me to request your acceptance of his thanks, and acknowledgements for your endeavors, and attention to open a new source of commercial emolument for the Country and the Company. The Governor General trails that neither his nor your expectations of the advantages to be derived from your exertions will be disappointed, and in this expectation it will afford him particular satisfaction to inform the Honourable Court of Directors, that a valuable article of commerce has been introduced into this country by your means, and to recommend a remuneration in proportion to its importance. I am further directed to add, that Doctor Roxburgh has received directions to accommodate you with a supply of the insects and plants, if you should wish to have them. E. Hay, Sec. to the Government Council Chamber, June 29th, 1795. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Miscellaneous Communications, June 29th, 1795 Subject The topic of the resource Piracy Description An account of the resource A letter congratulating Captain Neilson from taking the cochineal from Rio Janiero and how it will help the English. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Anderson, James. Five Letter to Sir Joseph Banks [...] (Madras: C. Ford, 1795): 67-68. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/miscellaneouscom00andeiala Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 29, 1795 Type The nature or genre of the resource Letter https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/4c316e71c984407f44341f9316835963.jpg df242ef672051aae6b40a35926a4ecbb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Trade Subject The topic of the resource International Trade Description An account of the resource International Trade of cochineal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document We lost the most profitable branches of the Turkey trade from the address and industry of our assidious [sic.] neighbor on the continent. It is certain that the richest, for the quantity of its merchandize [sic.], and the most regular of all the European commerce, established in Turkey, is that of the French. They reckon, that the value of their commerce, active and passive, exceeds twenty millions of Turkish piastres a year. The articles they bring from their country to Turkey are woollen cloths, wrought silks, caps, paper, sugar, cochineal, indigo, gold lace, and an infinite quantity of trinkets, and other trifles, Their returns are grain of all kinds, coffee, goat's hair, cottons, wool, silk, and other articles. The cloth branch is the most advantageous of any to the French. They send out cloths of three qualities, and all three are very acceptable in Turkey, because the price is always lower than that of the English cloths. The great consumption that the Turks are obliged to make of them, is the cause that they have hitherto been always preferred to all the other sorts of cloth. The colours of the French cloths are more lively and durable than those of the English. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource New-York, Sept. 19. Subject The topic of the resource International Trade Description An account of the resource An extract of an article origination published in an American newspaper describing the international trade of the Cochineal. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived New-York Morning Post (New York, New York), no. 782, pg. 2. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Readex: America's Historical Newspapers. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/apps/readex/doc?p=EANX&docref=image/v2:11B0248DCBD42C7A@EANX-11B3CE6387193708@2373645-11B3CE63901A2D58@1-11B3CE63A338FBA8@New-York%2C+Sept.+19.+By+the+Arrival+of+the+British+Packet%2C+under+the+Command+of+Capt. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 19, 1786 Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/3b79b03e3bdfba46b0bf3e052d87e0ab.png e48e13daa0f547fba886b43fb3ac51fe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource International Trade Subject The topic of the resource International Trade Description An account of the resource International Trade of cochineal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document The very rich Mexican fleet which had not arrived in any Spanish port when the last advices left Ireland, has on board fifteen millions of silver piastres, thirty thousand gold piastres, four thousand five hundred gold castellans, twenty thousand silver marks, forty thousand and six hundred arobes of cochineal, and eight thousand quintals of copper. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource New-York, September 25. Subject The topic of the resource International Trade Description An account of the resource An extract of an article published in an American newspaper describing the international trade of the Cochineal. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Royal Gazette (New York, New York), no. 312, pg. 3. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Readex: America's Historical Newspapers. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/apps/readex/doc?p=EANX&docref=image/v2:1051CE9752E72C20@EANX-1043EE074C5759EF@2371094-1043EE07FABC81BA@4-1043EE09A881BB65@New-York%2C+September+25. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 25, 1779 Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Article https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/7643d1cfb7f2bc29b10184e6ebb07a6c.jpg 59aa93a0770b8611ba1408720c761c67 https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/1e396a372117e246a16271a8cf6bb0f9.jpg b56750c78c6791f5300e60e141865d13 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Piracy of the Cochineal Subject The topic of the resource Piracy Description An account of the resource A Description of how the Cochineal was stolen by pirates Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound Paris, Sept. 13 We hear that two Algerine Pyrates have lately taken a Bark of Valentia off Malaga as well as a Fisherman's Boat, and obliged 2 or three other Barks to run a-ground. We are also informed by way of Gibralter, that two [illegible] Rovers had taken two very rich Prizes. the one a Hamburgh Ship bound to Lisbon, the other a Ship of St. Malo of 14 Guns, which lately sailed from Cadiz to Nants, with 400 Quintals (each Quintal, one Hundred Pounds) of Spanish Soap, 32 Barrels of Oil, 31 Barrels of Cochineal, 12000 Pieces of Eight in Silver, 3 Chests of Plate, besides 40000 Pieces of Eight in Gold. The Cardinal de Mailly lies still very ill. The Cardinal de Rohan, who is yet at Rome, has from thence written a very moving Letter to the Nuns of the Abbey of Joar, upon the Death of his Sister their late Abbess, at the same time recommending his Niece to them, who has succedded her in the Place, and he offering them at the same Time all the Servive he is capable of. Text Any textual data included in the document Paris, Sept. 13 We hear that two Algerine Pyrates have lately taken a Bark of Valentia off Malaga as well as a Fisherman's Boat, and obliged 2 or three other Barks to run a-ground. We are also informed by way of Gibralter, that two [illegible] Rovers had taken two very rich Prizes. the one a Hamburgh Ship bound to Lisbon, the other a Ship of St. Malo of 14 Guns, which lately sailed from Cadiz to Nants, with 400 Quintals (each Quintal, one Hundred Pounds) of Spanish Soap, 32 Barrels of Oil, 31 Barrels of Cochineal, 12000 Pieces of Eight in Silver, 3 Chests of Plate, besides 40000 Pieces of Eight in Gold. The Cardinal de Mailly lies still very ill. The Cardinal de Rohan, who is yet at Rome, has from thence written a very moving Letter to the Nuns of the Abbey of Joar, upon the Death of his Sister their late Abbess, at the same time recommending his Niece to them, who has succeeded her in the Place, and he offering them at the same Time all the Service he is capable of. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Paris, Sept. 13 Subject The topic of the resource Piracy Description An account of the resource Article origination in Paris published in an American newspaper describing how pirates were able to capture the cochineal when it was shipped from the Americas to Europe Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived American Weekly Mercury, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pg. 3-4. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 13, 1722 to February 20, 1722 Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper article Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Readex: America's Historical Newspapers. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.lib-proxy.fullerton.edu/apps/readex/doc?p=EANX&docref=image/v2:10380B67EBBF3BE8@EANX-105E3D565788F133@2350058-105E3D5680B631C3@2-105E3D56CFC70BC6@Paris%2C+Sept.+13. https://commerceofthecochineal.com/files/original/1a41a94a5d18d3d2894b475c96d9ec32.pdf 95a833794e825040d0ae84d8926b9f66 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Plantations Subject The topic of the resource Plantations of the Cochineal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document pg. 409-410 IV. Introduce such fresh Staples into the southern-continental and Sugar Colonies, as the Soil and Climate would admit, with profit; extend the Culture of those not yet brought to Perfection. The new staples which particularly require our attention, are cochineal, tea, and spices; and the old ones, which greatly want a more vigorous culture, are cotton, cocoa and coffee. The possibility of producing cochineal and spices has already been proved, and the probability of tea, likewise; but, left to the attention of planters alone, they never will be effected; unless the government interferes by giving proper encouragement to such undertakings, it is idle to think of such exceedingly beneficial events taking place. These articles, however, would require but a, small expence, and the, employment of very few people, compared with the extensive business before sketched, concerning iron and timber. In respect to the execution, it would, in the first place, be necessary to gain as complete a knowledge of the nature, and culture of those plants as possible, by such means as the government discovered to be the most likely to succeed. Plants, or feed of the tea-shrub, in case it was thought to be already (which, however, there is great reason to believe it is) in South Carolina, might be gained by dexterous management from China; and, in all probability, people with them to direct the cultivation; but neither one nor the other, would ever be gained if the East India company had the least to do in the transaction, for reasons obvious enough. The opuntia or cochineal-shrub is found in great plenty in all our islands; the only thing requisite would be to gain the art of properly managing the insects: no difficult matter sure so near the Spanish colonies: and as to spices, there are proofs sufficient of their being already in the islands of Tobago and Granada, as been already displayed; so that the grand business would consist in making proper experiments upon materials already in our possession. The proper method of doing this, would be to engage some intelligent, sensible planters, whose lands seemed of the proper kind, to make fair, complete, and repeated trails; the team in the back, hilly parts of the Carolinas, the spices in Tobago, and the cochineal in Jamaica, &c. The whole expence should not only be borne by the government, but the loss of the land (if it proved a loss) made good. A few acres would be sufficient for all these trails. pg. 491-492 Of the British Commerce with Spain. The commercial writers of this country for many years spoke in the warmest terms of our Spanish trade, and with very great reason; for, till the recovery of France, under the regency of the duke of Orleans, it was the most advantageous branch possessed by Great Britain, taking off vast quantities of her woollen manufacture and her corn, in return chiefly for silver: during which beneficial state of affairs Spanish money was as common in England as ever Portuguese has been; but by degrees the French, through their dextrous negotiations, and by means of having a prince of the house of Bourbon on the throne of Spain, together with the success their industry met with in rivalling the English manufactures; altogether, were able nearly to beat us out of the Spanish commerce, insomuch that it is questioned by some, whether the balance with Spain is in our favour or not; but it is generally agreed that if it is, the amount is very small. The commodities we export to Spain are woollen goods, corn, rice, fish, tin, lead, leather, and iron wares; and receive in return, wines, oil, fruits, wool, indigo, cochineal, &c. Of these cochineal and wool are very advantageous articles, being of great importance to our manufactures; nor are any of the other articles to be complained of, while they are paid for with our commodities. I can meet with no particulars of this trade so late as to be now of any authority. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Political essays Concerning the Present State of the British Empire Subject The topic of the resource International Trade Plantations Description An account of the resource Excerpts from a book describing international trade and possible plantations of the Cochineal. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Young, Arthur. Political essays concerning the present state of the British Empire [...], (London: Printed for W. Strahan and T. Cadell, 1772): 409-410, 491-192. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/cihm_44627 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1772 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book